This educator's guide is created alongside the little red comma series looking to explore the intersections of place, history and society through adaptations of Singapore literature using digital media.

Each guide comprises three to four suggested lesson activities and handouts you can consider enacting with your students in the Literature or Language Arts classroom across one to two 50-70 minute lesson periods. All handouts mentioned in this guide can be downloaded from the download section below.

This educator’s guide presumes the availability of Personal Learning Devices (PLDs) in the classroom, or any other devices that afford individual students direct access to little red comma during the activity in class. 

Outcomes

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. identify and articulate the main themes in the text by making connections between literary texts and their knowledge of self, the world, and other readers 
2. independently regulate their reading as they encounter unfamiliar elements of theme by allowing for meaning to unfold using the gamified audio experience
3. consider the ways in which texts explore sociocultural practices, beliefs and values in relation to the human condition, especially with the themes of social history and urban development

Outcomes (For extension activity: Exploring Mood and Atmosphere)

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify and describe mood and atmosphere in their given poem
2. Create their own interpretation of the poem’s mood and atmosphere by using the sound effects in the gamified audio experience on the microsite (with an option for making their own voice recording)
3. Critically reflect on their creative choices of sound effects in the gamified audio experience

In this activity, we will draw connections from the text to our personal lives. Each of the two poets considers a place where memories of lived experiences and social histories are at risk of being left behind in the wake of urban development. 

In pairs, groups or whole-class discussions, discuss the following two questions:

a. What is one place in Singapore that holds significant memories for you/your family that is now drastically changed / replaced / removed altogether?
b. What is one aspect of this place and its memories for your/your family which risks being forgotten if there were no records of them?

Having discussed your personal experiences, now consider the following short write-up on the two related themes of social history and urban development which will be the focus of our lesson:

Social history can be defined as an area of history that focuses on the lived experiences of people and the interaction of different groups in society, rather than major political events.

In Singapore literature, writers have been concerned about what has been lost in the name of urban development as Singapore transformed from an undeveloped third-world country to a modern first-world city.

This is because many changes involved the complete removal and rebuilding of places which disrupted the lives of many people and their communities. Without any records, these memories and ways of life risk being lost, forgotten and unknown to future generations.

As such, many writers have been interested in capturing the social histories of places and communities which have been disrupted and affected by the process of urban development in Singapore’s modernisation.

In this activity, we will start by first listening and reading the poems to check our initial understanding of the poem. Finally, we will review our initial read of the poem to sharpen our understanding of the poems.

First reading: What is clear? What is confusing?

As a class, listen to the audio recordings of A Story, or History, Perhaps? by Abdul Ghani Hamid and/or Chinatown, I by Tan Chee Lay on the little red comma microsite. Use the English translations in Handout 2 as a guide. As you read your assigned poem,

a. identify the stanzas which you feel you can visualise and make sense of, which you find somewhat vivid and clear about. Mark them with a "☺" (smiley face) emoji.
b. identify the stanzas which you feel you cannot visualise or make sense of, which you find either confusing or unsure about. Mark them with a"☹" (sad face) emoji.

Refer to Handout 2: English Translations of Poems.

Second reading: Annotating for Connections to Themes

Read your assigned poem once more. Using the notes on the themes of social history and urban development from Handout 1:

a. highlight phrases, lines, or sections of the poem which you observe have connections to the two themes
b. jot down notes alongside the poems
c. and if you are feeling unsure about a possible connection, you can always add a “?” next to your annotation for now.

Refer to Handout 1: Understanding Themes.
Refer to Handout 2: English Translations of Poems.

In this activity, you will construct two thematic claims for each poem with supporting evidence. Consider the short write-up on the two related themes of social history and urban development from Activity 1B.

A Story, or History, Perhaps?

a. How would you interpret the poet’s attitude/s* about forgotten histories of the east coast in the poem? Identify 1-2 pieces of evidence from the poem to support this.
b. What does the poet’s attitude* then suggest about the theme of social history and/or urban development in Singapore?

AND/OR

Chinatown/I

a. How would you interpret the poet’s attitude/s* towards the various Chinese dialects and cultures in the poem Chinatown, I? Identify 1-2 pieces of evidence from the poem to support this.
b. What does the poet’s attitude* then suggest about the theme of social history and/or urban development in Singapore?

Refer to Handout 4: Making Thematic Connections for more detailed instructions, if needed. Teachers can refer to Educator's Lesson Plan & Notes provided in the download section for the suggested answers.

^{*Attitude: This refers to the poet’s perspective and feelings about an issue.}